Report by Developed Country Members on the implementation of TRIPS Art. 66.2 (re. Technology Transfer to LDCs) - View details of the document

Norway

1  Introduction

  1. Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement requires developed country Members to provide incentives to enterprises and institutions in their territories for the purpose of promoting and encouraging technology transfer to least developed country (LDC) Members in order to enable them to create a sound and viable technological base. The present note provides an overview of the relevant facilities provided by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) and the Norwegian Investment Fund for Developing Countries (Norfund).
  2. LDCs are eligible for Norad and Norfund incentive schemes along with other developing countries.

2  THE NORWEGIAN AGENCY FOR DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION (NORAD)

  1. Norad is a directorate under the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and is responsible for quality assurance of Norwegian development cooperation. Norad also administers several grant programmes for specific purposes, among them is private sector development. Norad provides incentives for technology transfer to LDCs through its facilities for pre‑investment support, strategic partnerships, the Oil for Development program and the Fish for Development programme. Many other programmes supported by Norad also include elements of technology transfer.
  2. The facilities for pre-investment support are application-based and untied. The main users are Norwegian enterprises, but foreign enterprises are welcome to apply. The schemes are open for all kinds of technology transfer, but priority is given to investments in renewable energy, agriculture (particularly climate-resilient agriculture in Africa), information and communication technologies (ICT) as well as the marine and maritime sectors. Technical assistance is the main mode of technology transfer, but the schemes also include investments in basic infrastructure. The financing facilities are fully utilized every year.
  3. The purpose of the Norad facilities for pre-investment support is to encourage firms to invest in developing countries and LDCs. The support schemes intend to pave the way for long-term commercially viable investments through financial support for risk-reducing measures and/or measures that promote the sustainability and feasibility of private investment projects. The facilities promote cooperation, including cooperation relating to transfer of technology, through the support of feasibility studies for establishing joint ventures or foreign subsidiaries; training to strengthen the local staff and management of joint ventures or companies that are owned wholly or partially by one or more foreign companies; and investments in basic environmental infrastructure and basic infrastructure (road, water/sanitation, electricity, and telecommunication). The additionality of Norad's support to individual companies has been in helping direct investment towards countries and regions where companies would not necessarily have invested otherwise, due to lack of contact to facilitate implementation and risk, among other reasons. The purpose of the facility is also to facilitate and promote job creation, in particular for women and youths. Supported projects are usually completed between one to three years. Disbursements to LDCs for this facility in 2021 are listed in Table 1. The Norad facilities for pre-investment support have a special window for renewable energy investments, also listed in Table 1.

Table 1 Disbursements to pre-investment support to firms to invest in developing countries and LDCs. Figures in million NOK.

Recipient country

DAC Main sector (code+name)

DAC Sub sector (code+name)

2021

Ethiopia

321 - Industry

62 - Forest industries

1.5

Ethiopia Total

 

 

1.5

Malawi

232 - Energy generation, renewable sources

20 - Hydro-electric power plants

2.5

Malawi Total

 

 

2.5

Myanmar

232 - Energy generation, renewable sources

20 - Hydro-electric power plants

1.8

Myanmar Total

 

 

1.8

Rwanda

232 - Energy generation, renewable sources

20 - Hydro-electric power plants

19.6

Rwanda Total

 

 

19.6

Tanzania

232 - Energy generation, renewable sources

40 - Wind energy

1.3

 

312 - Forestry

20 - Forestry development

0.7

Tanzania Total

 

 

2.0

Uganda

311 - Agriculture

93 - Agricultural financial services

1.0

Uganda Total

 

 

1.0

Zambia

232 - Energy generation, renewable sources

20 - Hydro-electric power plants

1.4

 

 

30 - Solar energy for centralised grids

0.4

Zambia Total

 

 

1.9

Grand Total

 

 

30.3

 

  1. Within Norad's support to Renewable Energy the aim is to increase access to renewable energy in developing countries, contribute to private sector development, and create jobs. Norad's support to renewable energy focuses on areas where Norway has a special expertise to offer and mobilizes private capital and competence in areas such as hydropower, solar, wind and bioenergy.
  2. Norad has also introduced an instrument called strategic partnerships. The grant scheme aims to stimulate a business climate that promotes private sector development in developing countries, including strategic partnerships with private enterprises and non-commercial organizations. Private enterprises and noncommercial organizations that jointly address specific weaknesses in value chains in developing countries are particularly prioritized, but vocational training is also a focus area. The facility is application-based and untied. In the most recent application round, projects in Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda were granted support. The sectors prioritised for technology transfer are agriculture and agro-processing, information and communication technology (ICT), and fish and marine resources. The supported projects are multi‑year, usually between three and five years. Disbursements to LDCs for this facility in 2021 are listed in Table 2.

Table 2 Disbursements to strategic partnership grant scheme. Figures in million NOK.

Recipient country

DAC Main sector (code+name)

DAC Sub sector (code+name)

2021

Ethiopia

311 - Agriculture

20 - Agricultural development

7.3

 

 

61 - Food crop production

0.6

 

321 - Industry

30 - SME development

12.2

Ethiopia Total

 

 

20.2

Tanzania

311 - Agriculture

20 - Agricultural development

4.8

Tanzania Total

 

 

4.8

Uganda

220 - Communications

40 - Information and communication technology (ICT)

5.4

 

311 - Agriculture

20 - Agricultural development

7.7

 

 

61 - Food crop production

2.2

Uganda Total

 

 

15.3

Grand Total

 

 

40.3

 

  1. The Norwegian Oil for Development Programme (OfD) aims at assisting developing countries and LDCs, upon their request, in their efforts to manage petroleum resources in a way that generates economic growth and promotes welfare of the whole population in an environmentally sustainable way. The Oil for Development Programme is engaged in several other initiatives, either directly or via other donors and implementing partners. the Government of Norway has decided to phase out the OfD programme within 2024, in order to give priority to greener development projects.
  2. Within Norwegian development cooperation in fisheries and aquaculture, one aim is to introduce appropriate technology and systems, and over time ensure that these are operated as intended. Norway has supported the Nansen Programme for more than 40 years. One central element in the programme is the research vessel "Dr. Fridtjof Nansen". The programme aims at gathering information about the marine resources and environment, and supporting developing countries and LDCs in utilizing these data for improved management of their marine resources.
  3. Since 1990 the programme has mainly been operating in the coastal states of Africa, including LDCs like Angola, Benin, Democratic Republic of Congo, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Madagascar, Mauritania, Mozambique, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Tanzania. The programme has also conducted surveys in Bay of Bengal, including LDCs like Myanmar and Bangladesh. Scientists and managers take part in the planning and operation of the surveys, as well as post-survey work. The participants learn about instruments and techniques to measure the size and composition of fish stocks as well as identification of other organisms in the ocean. Physical parameters of the marine environment are measured continuously. The results are analysed and formulated as basis for management decisions. With time series that are developed, information can be achieved about changes and trends in the marine environment and its resources. The data collected are the property of the country in question. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) manages the programme. The Institute of Marine Research in Norway provides scientific expertise.

3  NORWEGIAN INVESTMENT FUND FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (NORFUND)

3.1  About Norfund

  1. The purpose of Norfund is to contribute to building sustainable commercial businesses in developing countries by providing risk capital and expertise. Norfund contributes to economic development and sustainable jobs in poor countries through the development of profitable enterprises, particularly within the fields of clean energy, the financial sector and agribusiness, coupled with transfer of knowledge and technology.
  2. Norfund's main priority investment region is Sub-Saharan Africa. We also invest in selected countries in South-East Asia and Central America. Norfund has a local presence with offices and staff in all the main geographic areas. We aim for a portfolio with at least 33% in LDCs and 50% in Sub-Saharan Africa as these are areas with a particular shortage of capital and expertise. Of new commitments in 2021, the LDC share was 23.2%, which amounts to NOK 1.23 billion. Of the total portfolio, our commitment in LDCs is 40%, well above our target of 33%.
  3. Norfund concentrates investments in clean energy, agribusiness and manufacturing, green infrastructure, and financial institutions. These are sectors with high developmental returns and where Norfund's prerequisites for mobilising expertise of international quality are good. Assistance from Norfund is untied and does not have to be in cooperation with Norwegian enterprises.
  4. Norfund provides capital in the form of equity and debt. Preference is given to equity investments because in most developing countries equity is the scarcest type of capital that enterprises need. Our direct ownership enables us to be an influential investor and have direct impact on company governance. As an equity investor, we have a long-term perspective on our investments. Technology and competence transfers are an integral part of Norfund's investment activities, both regarding operational and industrial management, as well as health, safety and environmental issues. The development of these elements is core to the organization's mission.
  5. Norfund exercises active ownership in the companies and funds it invests in, and it often requires seats on the investees' boards or other decision-making bodies. This gives Norfund proximity to operations and the possibility of influencing practices and standards over time. Given an ownership horizon of 4-10 years, Norfund works for the creation of a corporate culture that is engaged in continuous improvement of corporate governance, and environmental and social standards. Action plans are sometimes used to stake out a long-term course for how companies should shift from operating according to local standards to using international standards.
  6. Norfund also has a business development and support facility, which is financed by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) to support sustainable investments. The facility was established in 2000 based on a mutual recognition by MFA, Norad and Norfund of the need for technical and professional assistance (TA) in relation to investments in the private sector in developing countries. The grants contribute to strengthening the developmental impacts of Norfund's investment activities. In 2021, Norfund disbursed NOK 8.8 million to 45 active projects. 12 of these projects are exclusively in LDCs, with a commitment of NOK 9.8 million. 5 projects in the portfolio had a regional reach but included LDCs as part of their target countries. Overview of Norfund's TA with disbursements in LDCs in 2021 are shown in Tables E and F and pp. 26-27 of the Annex. Digitisation is one of the priorities for Business Support and as a result of the pandemic, 2021 continued to see an increase for these kinds of projects. Capacity building on Environmental, Social and Governance has also been one of the key priorities of the facility during 2021 and there has been high demand from investees in LDCs. Through the facility Norfund has co-funded external expertise assisting companies in building their internal capacity on these issues.

3.2  Investments in agribusiness and manufacturing

  1. Within the agribusiness and manufacturing sector, Norfund disbursed around NOK 185 million in 2021 to our direct investments in investees' operations in LDCs. Overviews of Norfund's investments in agribusiness and manufacturing with disbursements in LDCs in 2021 are shown in Table A and pp. 14-16 of the Annex.

3.3  Investments in clean energy

  1. Within the field of clean energy, Norfund has several investments involving transfer of state-of-the-art technologies to developing countries. NOK 2.45 billion was disbursed to investees within clean energy in LDCs in 2021. Clean energy investments with disbursements to LDCs in 2021 are listed in Table B and pp. 17-20 of the Annex.

3.4  Investments in financial institutions

  1. Financial inclusion is critical to support growth and job creation. When investing in banks, microfinance providers, and other financial institutions, Norfund focuses on locally-owned financial institutions with good growth potential that are suited to creating and delivering valuable services. Close to NOK 390 million was disbursed to our direct investments in LDCs within the financial sector in 2021. An overview of Norfund's investments in the financial sector with disbursements in LDCs in 2021 is shown in Table C and pp. 21-22 of the Annex.
  2. In addition to direct investments, Norfund also invests in funds to reach more companies and other business areas. Norfund invests in private equity funds, small and medium-sized enterprises funds, and impact/venture funds. By investing through local and regional funds, Norfund can reach enterprises that often have trouble getting finance from formal banks. In 2021, Norfund disbursed close to NOK 223 million to funds in LDCs. An overview of Norfund's investments in funds with disbursements in LDCs in 2021 is shown in Table D and pp. 23-26 of the Annex.

Table A - Scalable enterprises

Title of project/programme incentive

DFI - Development Finance Institution

Policy objective/purpose

Contribute to development of profitable enterprises

Funding agency

Norfund

Actors eligible for support

Private Sector Enterprises

Field of Tech Transfer

Scalable Enterprises (Agribusiness and Manufacturing)

Type of Tech Transfer

Risk capital and expertise

Ongoing projects in LDCs (disbursements/commitments in NOK)

Country

Name of project

Sub sector

Disbursed in 2021 (NOK)

Total commitment (NOK)

Type of capital

Year of initial commitment

Tanzania

ASILIA (African Spirit Group Limited)

Tourism

13,269,843

132,820,720

Loans Equity

2013

Tanzania Mozambique Zambia Senegal Niger Democratic Republic of Congo Haiti

European Financing Partners SA

Investment funds

20,591,396

525,930,551

Loans Equity

2006

Malawi

FES

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

8,731,401

117,410,321

Loans Equity

2020

Uganda Tanzania Mozambique

Green Resources USD

Forestry and logging

302

560,766,539

Equity

2009

Tanzania

Kagera Sugar Limited

Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities

50,102,140

132,159,756

Loans

2020

Uganda Zambia

Lake Harvest Group

Fishing and aquaculture

20,781,065

157,821,204

Loans Equity

2013

Malawi

Lilongwe Dairy (2001) Limited

Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities

49,456,785

86,430,120

Loans

2020

Mozambique

Neofresh

Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities

6,318,369

78,909,320

Loans Equity

2017

Zambia Malawi

Phatisa Food Fund 2

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

16,057,469

172,786,938

Funds

2021

 

 

Table B - Clean Energy

Title of project/Programme incentive

DFI - Development Finance Institution

Policy objective/purpose

Contribute to development of profitable enterprises

Funding agency

Norfund

Actors eligible for support

Private Sector Enterprises

Field of Tech Transfer

Clean Energy

Type of Tech Transfer

Risk capital and expertise

Ongoing projects in LDCs (disbursements/commitments in NOK)

Country

Name of project

Sub sector

Disbursed in 2021 (NOK)

Total commitment (NOK)

Type of capital

Year of initial commitment

Zambia

Agua Imara

Energy

505,607,183

996,835,586

Loans Equity

2021

Niger Burkina Faso Chad

AktivCo

Solar power

43,292,427

86,295,341

Loans

2021

Madagascar Senegal Mali

Baobab+

Solar power

50,569,048

99,338,250

Equity

2021

Uganda

Eco-Nor

Hydropower

8,101,752

8,101,752

Equity

2019

Uganda Burundi

Evolution Fund II (Through KNI)

Energy

462,082

132,028,866

Funds

2019

Uganda Tanzania Mozambique Rwanda Zambia Madagascar Senegal Burkina Faso Sierra Leone Malawi Lesotho Democratic Republic of Congo Burundi Guinea Mali Benin Gambia Guinea-Bissau Mauritania

FEI - Facility for Energy Inclusion

Energy

4,916,054

176,515,019

Funds

2019

Tanzania

Globeleq

Energy

3,702,258

2,086,652,644

Loans Equity

2014

Uganda Tanzania Myanmar

Greenlight Planet

Solar power

18,054,203

128,528,932

Loans

2019

Bangladesh Uganda Cambodia Ethiopia Burkina Faso Chad

ICCF

Energy

6,843,470

328,287,244

Loans

2010

 

 

 

Title of project/Programme incentive

DFI - Development Finance Institution

Ongoing projects in LDCs (disbursements/commitments in NOK)

Country

Name of project

Sub sector

Disbursed in 2021 (NOK)

Total commitment (NOK)

Type of capital

Year of initial commitment

Uganda Rwanda Madagascar Malawi Congo, Burundi

Klinchenberg

Hydropower

1,566,198,188

1,566,204,138

Loans Equity

2021

Mozambique Senegal

Metier Sustainable Capital Fund II

Energy

7,039,266

175,280,400

Funds

2019

Uganda

M-Kopa

Solar power

3,676,705

124,142,906

Loans

2017

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Nam Sim

Hydropower

498,565

32,588,124

Loans

2011

Zambia

New Africa Power

Hydropower

67,406

16,014,962

Equity

2017

Uganda Tanzania Senegal

responsibility ACPF

Energy

3,542,291

105,357,598

Funds

2019

Bangladesh Cambodia

Schneider Electric Energy Access Asia

Energy

5,247,156

63,214,572

Funds

2019

Uganda Rwanda Zambia Malawi

Serengeti Energy

Hydropower

226,149,749

423,627,905

Loans Equity

2017

Bangladesh Cambodia Lao People's Democratic Republic Myanmar

SUSI Asia Energy Transition Fund (Through KNI)

Energy

447,170

67,396,423

Funds

2021

 

Table C - Financial Institutions

Title of project/Programme incentive

DFI - Development Finance Institution

Policy objective/purpose

Contribute to development of profitable enterprises

Funding agency

Norfund

Actors eligible for support

Private Sector Enterprises

Field of Tech Transfer

Financial Institutions

Type of Tech Transfer

Risk capital and expertise

Ongoing projects in LDCs (disbursements/commitments in NOK)

Country

Name of project

Sub sector

Disbursed in 2021 (NOK)

Total commitment (NOK)

Type of capital

Year of initial commitment

Tanzania Angola Mozambique Rwanda Zambia Madagascar Malawi

AfricInvest Financial Inclusion Vehicle (FIVE)

Banking

21,406,155

276,712,404

Equity

2018

Uganda Tanzania Mozambique Rwanda Zambia Senegal Togo Burkina Faso Mali Benin

Arise B.V.

Banking

122,734,444

2,813,875,508

Equity

2016

Uganda Tanzania Mozambique Rwanda Zambia South Sudan Senegal Togo Niger Burkina Faso Sierra Leone Malawi Liberia Democratic Republic of Congo Burundi Guinea Chad Mali Benin Gambia Guinea- Bissau Central African Republic Sao Tome And Principe

Ecobank Transnational Incorporated (ETI)

Banking

37,452,944

132,291,000

Loans

2021

Cambodia

Hattha Kaksekar Ltd (HKL)

Microfinance

179,670,000

198,436,500

Loans

2007

Uganda Tanzania Mozambique Rwanda Zambia Senegal Togo Burkina Faso Mali Benin

NorFinance AS

Banking

28,400,676

495,097,136

Equity

2013

 

Table D – Funds

Title of project/Programme incentive

DFI - Development Finance Institution

Policy objective/purpose

Contribute to development of profitable enterprises

Funding agency

Norfund

Actors eligible for support

Private Sector Enterprises

Field of Tech Transfer

Funds

Type of Tech Transfer

Risk capital and expertise

Ongoing projects in LDCs (disbursements/commitments in NOK)

Country

Name of project

Sub sector

Disbursed in 2021 (NOK)

Total commitment (NOK)

Type of capital

Year of initial commitment

Bangladesh

ACI Motors Ltd

Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers

36,707,416

40,979,410

Equity

2021

Uganda Zambia Togo

Africa Health Fund (Aureos)

Investment funds

363,837

44,521,350

Funds

2011

Uganda Angola Democratic Republic of Congo

African Rivers Fund III

Investment funds

74,605,789

132,158,928

Funds

2021

Tanzania Zambia Ethiopia

Agri-Vie II

Investment funds

5,504,359

130,424,468

Funds

2017

Uganda Ethiopia

Ascent Rift Valley Fund II

Investment funds

2,511,018

87,869,220

Funds

2020

Uganda Ethiopia

Ascent Rift Valley Fund Ltd

Investment funds

4,649,431

84,382,017

Funds

2013

Cambodia Lao People's Democratic Republic Myanmar

Cambodia Lao People's Democratic Republic Myanmar Development Fund II

Investment funds

6,388,033

93,341,881

Funds

2015

Cambodia

Cambodia- Lao People's Democratic Republic Development Fund

Investment funds

347,562

14,413,903

Funds

2009

Ethiopia

Cepheus Growth Capital Fund

Investment funds

11,681,086

135,342,522

Funds

2018

Uganda Tanzania Rwanda

Fanisi Capital Fund II

Investment funds

4,741,794

108,981,117

Funds

2017

 

 

 

 

Title of project/Programme incentive

DFI - Development Finance Institution

Ongoing projects in LDCs (disbursements/commitments in NOK)

Country

Name of project

Sub sector

Disbursed in 2021 (NOK)

Total commitment (NOK)

Type of capital

Year of initial commitment

Bangladesh

Frontier Fund II

Investment funds

425,176

29,400,665

Funds

2016

Myanmar

Myanmar Opportunities Fund II

Investment funds

23,460,696

72,787,711

Funds

2018

Cambodia Lao People's Democratic Republic Myanmar

Navis CLMV

Investment funds

28,989,206

216,821,160

Funds

2020

Ethiopia Senegal

Neoma Africa Fund

Investment funds

183,325

71,936,021

Funds

2008

Somalia

Nordic Horn of Africa Opportunities Fund

Investment funds

14,422,551

34,298,587

Funds

2018

Uganda

Novastar Ventures East Africa Fund

Investment funds

497,654

83,096,109

Funds

2013

Sierra Leone Liberia

Solon Capital Holdings

Investment funds

2,133,450

35,030,000

Funds

2020

Zambia Malawi

Spear Africa Holding II

Manufacturing

4,690,450

66,664,068

Funds

2017

Uganda

Vantage Mezzanine Fund IV - USD

Investment funds

118,149

211,687,789

Funds

2021

Uganda

Vantage Mezzanine Fund IV - ZAR

Investment funds

174,410

49,833,174

Funds

2021


Table E - TA projects

TA projects in direct investments

Country

Investee

TA Project Name

Topic

Committed amount NOK

Ethiopia

Marginpar Group

Maringpar Kaizen Implementation Ethiopia, Leadership and Team Development

Capacity development

1,237,000

Ethiopia

Agri Vie

Agri Vie ESG and OHS Training 2019 - 2020

ESG/ CSR external

102,000

Lesotho

Neo1 PVnoe

Scatec Lesotho project development Rural Electrification Project

project development

255,000

Lesotho

Neo1 PVnoe

Scatec Lesotho Community Legal & ES Initiatives

CSR/ESG External

474,000

Malawi

Lilongwe Dairy (2001) Limited

Lilongwe Dairy ESG and Covid support

ESG internal

196,000

Malawi

FES

FES ESG Risk Management

ESG/CSR internal

1,266,000

Mozambique

African Century Infrastructure Services Ltd.

ACIS emergency grant

ESG/CSR internal

289,000

Mozambique

African Century Real Estates Ltd.

ACRE emergency grant

ESG/CSR internal

724,000

Mozambique

Arise B.V.

Arise TA Facility

Capacity Development

2,172,000

Myanmar

Advans MFI Myanmar Company Limited

Advans Myanmar Capacity Development

Capacity Development

1,422,000

Myanmar

Yoma Bank Limited

Yoma Bank Business Integrity and Stakeholder Management Plan phase II

ESG/CSG internal

924,000

Rwanda

Scatec

Scatec Covid-19 relief efforts

ESG/CSR external

745,000

 

Table F - TA projects

TA projects with a regional reach and/ or through fund investments

Country

Investee

TA Project

Topic

Committed amount NOK

Regional, but including Malawi and Ethiopia

Global

Technoserve CASA Partnership for smallholder farmers

Capacity Development

1,755,000

Regional, but including Malawi, Ethiopia, Zambia, Uganda, Mozambique

AgDevCo

AgDevCo TAF with a focus on smallholder farmers, climate and gender

Capacity Development

8,778,000

Regional, but including Ethiopia and Uganda

Ascent Rift Valley Fund II

ARVF TAF 2021 - 2022 for capacity development

Capacity Development

1,577,000

Regional, but including

Novastar

Novastar TA 2021 - 2022 for capacity development

Capacity Development

2,131,000

Regional, but including Zambia

Global

Hibis Business Integrity Assessment 2020 - 2021

ESG internal

975,000

marlene.larsen-hakkebo@mfa.no

List of programmes/projects

Click for more information
# Name of programme or project Beneficiary Members(s) Category of technology  
1 Scalable Enterprises (Agribusiness and Manufacturing)
Democratic Republic of the Congo; Haiti; Malawi; Mozambique; Niger; Senegal; Tanzania; Uganda; Zambia
Food and agriculture
2 Clean Energy projects (Norfund)
Bangladesh; Benin; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cambodia; Chad; Democratic Republic of the Congo; The Gambia; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Lesotho; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mozambique; Myanmar; Niger; Rwanda; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Tanzania; Uganda; Zambia
Environmentally friendly or sustainable technology
3 DFI - Development Finance Institution projects
Angola; Benin; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cambodia; Central African Republic; Chad; Democratic Republic of the Congo; The Gambia; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mozambique; Niger; Rwanda; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia
Other
4 DFI - Development Finance Institution projects
Angola; Bangladesh; Cambodia; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Liberia; Malawi; Myanmar; Rwanda; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia
Other
5 Business development and support facility
Afghanistan; Angola; Bangladesh; Benin; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cambodia; Central African Republic; Chad; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Djibouti; Guinea-Bissau; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mozambique; Myanmar; Nepal; Niger; Rwanda; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Solomon Islands; Togo; Uganda; Zambia
Other
6 Pre-investment support
Afghanistan; Angola; Bangladesh; Benin; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cambodia; Central African Republic; Chad; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Djibouti; The Gambia; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Haiti; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mozambique; Myanmar; Nepal; Niger; Rwanda; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Solomon Islands; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Yemen; Zambia
Other
7 Renewable Energy (Norad)
Afghanistan; Angola; Bangladesh; Benin; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cambodia; Central African Republic; Chad; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Djibouti; The Gambia; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Haiti; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mozambique; Myanmar; Nepal; Niger; Rwanda; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Solomon Islands; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Yemen; Zambia
Environmentally friendly or sustainable technology
8 Strategic partnerships
Afghanistan; Angola; Bangladesh; Benin; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cambodia; Central African Republic; Chad; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Djibouti; The Gambia; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Haiti; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mozambique; Myanmar; Nepal; Niger; Rwanda; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Solomon Islands; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Yemen; Zambia
Food and agriculture; Information and communications technology
9 The Norwegian Oil for Development Programme (OfD)
Afghanistan; Angola; Bangladesh; Benin; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cambodia; Central African Republic; Chad; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Djibouti; The Gambia; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Haiti; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mozambique; Myanmar; Nepal; Niger; Rwanda; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Solomon Islands; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Yemen; Zambia
Other
10 Development cooperation in fisheries and aquaculture
Afghanistan; Angola; Bangladesh; Benin; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cambodia; Central African Republic; Chad; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Djibouti; The Gambia; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Haiti; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mozambique; Myanmar; Nepal; Niger; Rwanda; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Solomon Islands; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Yemen; Zambia
Environmentally friendly or sustainable technology; Food and agriculture