See Article 29(1) and (3) of Regulation No. 2392/89, referred to above.
[Answer 1: The recognition and protection of geographical indications are effected through the registration procedure referred to in Article 5 of Council Regulation (EEC) No. 2081/92 of 14 July 1992 on the protection of geographical indications and designations of origin for agricultural products and foodstuffs (OJ L. 208/1, 24 July 1992), a Community instrument binding in its entirety and directly applicable in the member States of the European Union. However, designations of origin are also protected under Articles 16-21 of the Law of 14 July 1991 on trade practices and consumer information and protection (Moniteur Belge (MB) of 29 August 1991, page 18712) against: (1) Use of a name presented as a designation of origin, when such name has not been recognized as a designation of origin; (2) the manufacture, offering for sale and sale under a designation of origin, of products which do not meet the requirements laid down in respect of recognition of the designation of origin; (3) the manufacture, offering for sale and sale under a designation of origin, of products not covered by a certificate of origin, when such certificate is required.]
[Answer 2: The above-mentioned Regulation No. 2081/92 establishes a system of protection for geographical indications and designations of origin of agricultural products intended for human consumption, excluding wine products and spirit drinks, for which specific protection is provided (Article 1(1)).]
[Answer 6: Three names are listed in the Annex to Regulation No. 1107/96: "Jambon d'Ardenne" (PGI), "Fromage de Herve" (PDO) and "Beurre d'Ardenne" (PDO). The national regulations relating to these names are the following: - Royal Decree of 4 February 1974 recognizing the designation of origin "Jambon d'Ardenne" and laying down the conditions to be met by this product in order to be manufactured, offered for sale or sold under this designation; - Royal Decree of 14 July 1987 amending the Royal Decree of 4 February 1974 recognizing the designation of origin "Jambon d'Ardenne" and laying down the conditions to be met by this product in order to be manufactured, offered for sale or sold under this designation (MB of 1 August 1987, page 11637); - Royal Decree of 18 December 1984 recognizing the designation of origin "Beurre d'Ardenne" and laying down the conditions to be met by this product in order to be manufactured, offered for sale or sold under this designation (MB of 2 February 1985, page 1176); - Royal Decree of 6 May 1985 amending the Royal Decree of 18 December 1984 recognizing the designation of origin "Beurre d'Ardenne" and laying down the conditions to be met by this product in order to be manufactured, offered for sale or sold under this designation (MB of 1 June 1985, page 8323); - Ministerial Decree of 23 January 1985 determining the model certificates of origin prescribed by the Royal Decree of 18 December 1984 recognizing the designation of origin "Beurre d'Ardenne" and laying down the conditions to be met by this product in order to be manufactured, offered for sale or sold under this designation (MB of 2 February 1985, page 1179); - Ministerial Decree of 20 June 1985 approving a model certificate of origin for implementation of the Royal Decree of 18 December 1984 recognizing the designation of origin "Beurre d'Ardenne" and laying down the conditions to be met by this product in order to be manufactured, offered for sale or sold under this designation (MB of 5 September 1985, page 12727). Moreover, with regard to juniper-flavoured spirit drinks, a protected name is used pursuant to the above-mentioned Regulation No. 1576/89: "Hasseltse jenever". Compliance with the manufacturing requirements for products with these designations is monitored by private bodies and/or the economic inspection authority of the Ministry of Economic Affairs.]
[Answer 8: Designations of origin and geographical indications are defined in Articles 2(2)(a) and 2(2)(b), respectively, of Regulation No. 2081/92: PDO: "the name of a region, a specific place or, in exceptional cases, a country, used to describe an agricultural product or a foodstuff: - originating in that region, specific place or country; and - the quality or characteristics of which are essentially or exclusively due to a particular geographical environment with its inherent natural and human factors, and the production, processing and preparation of which take place in the defined geographical area." PGI: "the name of a region, a specific place or, in exceptional cases, a country, used to describe an agricultural product or a foodstuff: - originating in that region, specific place or country; and - which possesses a specific quality, reputation or other characteristics attributable to that geographical origin and the production and/or processing and/or preparation of which take place in the defined geographical area." With regard to unfair competition, Article 16 of the Law of 14 July 1991 on trade practices and consumer information and protection gives the following definition of designation of origin: "the geographical name of a country, a region or a locality, serving to designate a product originating therein, the quality or characteristics of which are exclusively or essentially due to a particular geographical environment with its inherent natural and human factors."]