The bodies competent to take administrative action in relation to infringement of intellectual property rights are the market control agencies of the trade administration (Market Control Department and Market Control Branch Offices), customs agencies (Customs Department, Customs branch offices, anti-smuggling inspection office), specialized inspection authorities such as the Culture and Information Inspectorates at the national and provincial levels and the Science and Technology Inspectorates at the national and provincial levels, the People's Committees at the district and provincial levels, and public security agencies (District Police, Provincial Police, and the Economic Police). Administrative handling of IPR infringement is applicable to counterfeiting, pirating, intentional infringements and infringements of remarkable social effect (Article 211 of the Intellectual Property Law). The responsibility of each agency depends on their area of administration and jurisdiction, as spelled out in Article 200 of the 2005 Intellectual Property Law. Market control agencies can impose administrative remedies and other measures against infringements of industrial property rights and trade in cultural-informational products and services occurring in the country. Customs agencies have the competence to impose administrative remedies against infringements of intellectual property rights in the course of exportation and importation, Science and Technology Inspectorates against infringements of industrial property rights, Culture and Information Inspectorates against infringements of copyright, and People's Committees against infringements of intellectual property rights occurring within their jurisdiction. As for public security agencies, these are responsible for handling infringements of intellectual property rights in the course of production and trade. The Economic Police - composed of the heads of the District Police and Economic Police Division, of the Director of the Provincial Police, and of the Director General of the Economic Police Department - have the competence to investigate and handle infringements of intellectual property rights in all areas of production and business. The Economic Police can search the houses of persons deemed to hide instruments involved in or evidence of infringement cases, and suspend business licenses in case of serious violation of the provisions regulating the use of business licenses. It may impose administrative remedies against acts of industrial property infringement related to business and production activities and acts of copyright infringement associated with public order and security. Administrative measures and remedies are governed, under the new legislative framework, by Government Decree No. 106/2006/ND-CP of 22 September 2006 on handling administrative violations in the industrial property field and Government Decree No. 105/2006/ND-CP of 22 September 2006 providing detailed provisions and guidelines for implementing certain articles of the 2005 Intellectual Property Law regarding the protection of intellectual property rights and State management of intellectual property. Under the 1998 Law on Complaints and Denunciations, as amended in 2005, any natural or legal person, including non-resident foreigners or foreign legal entities without a representation in Viet Nam, had the right and obligation to denounce a violation by informing the competent authorities in writing or by other means. Pursuant to Article 214 of the 2005 Intellectual Property Law, main administrative measures are warnings and monetary fines amounting to one to five times the value of the discovered infringing goods. Additional measures include suspension of business activities for a definite term, and in the case of counterfeit and piracy goods, and materials and implements used for manufacturing or trading such goods, confiscation, destruction, distribution, use for non-commercial purposes, or compulsory delivery of transiting goods out of the territory of Viet Nam or re-exportation, after infringing elements had been removed. The cumulative effect of these measures would deter further infringement. Customs procedures for imports and exports could be suspended to protect intellectual property rights in accordance with Articles 57, 58, and 59 of the Customs Law of 29 June 2001 as amended and supplemented in 2005 by Law No. 42/2005/QH11, Decree No. 154/2005/ND-CP of 15 December 2005, and Article 218 of the 2005 Intellectual Property Law. Decisions to impose an administrative measure are issued in writing within ten days following the reporting of the violation, or 30 days in complicated cases. Appeals procedures are regulated according to the 1996 Ordinance on procedures for judgment of administrative cases, and the Law on Complaint and Denunciation of 1998 as amended by Law No. 58/2005/QH11 (Articles 1.19 and 2.2). Administrative decisions can be appealed by either party, first to the authority having issued the decision and subsequently either to the administrative court or to a superior administrative body. Decisions of the superior administrative body can be further appealed to the administrative court