Rapport des pays développés Membres sur la mise en œuvre de l'article 66:2 de l'Accord sur les ADPIC (au sujet du transfert de technologie aux PMA) ‒ Afficher les détails du document

Australia
  1. Australia is committed to implementing Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement. Australia is also committed to sharing information with other WTO Members about incentives and support it offers enterprises and institutions to promote and encourage technology transfer to least developed country Members (LDCs).
  2. This is a full report in respect of Article 66.2 which builds upon annual update reports provided in 2012 (IP/C/W/580/Add.2), 2013 (IP/C/W/594/Add.7), 2014 (IP/C/W/602), 2015 (IP/C/W/611.Add.4), 2016 (IP/C/W/616/Add.1), 2017 (IP/C/W/631/Add.1/Rev.1) and 2018 (IP/C/W/646/Add.2). It is submitted in accordance with the TRIPS Council's decision of 20 February 2003 on implementation of Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement (IP/C/28). Consistent with that decision, developed country Members are to provide annual reports on actions taken or planned in pursuit of their Article 66.2 commitments. The report focuses on incentives that are either targeted specifically at LDCs or at a group of countries which includes an LDC.
  3. In this report, technology transfer is taken to include training, education and the dissemination of knowledge, as well as the intellectual property embedded in transferred goods and services and the dissemination of business information and know-how on which a product, process or service is based.
  4. This report focuses on Australia's efforts to help LDCs create the conditions essential to encourage technology transfer. Technical cooperation in favour of least developed and developing countries to facilitate the TRIPS Agreement's implementation is another discrete obligation, on which Australia reports separately. Australia recognises that some technical cooperation activities may help to create an environment conducive to the creation or acquisition of technologies.
  5. In Australia, many incentives for technology transfer take the form of official development assistance. These incentives align with Australia's strategic focus on using aid as a catalyst to promote economic growth and poverty reduction, including through an increased emphasis on aid for trade. Since 2012, Australia has provided aid for trade funding to the Australia-World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Funds in Trust (FIT) program to assist technology and knowledge transfer to LDCs and developing countries in the Indo-Pacific region. From February 2016 until June 2019, a second iteration of the FIT has supported a range of intellectual property (IP) capacity building activities, which have enabled the development of IP systems in beneficiary countries. During this reporting period, the FIT supported training workshops for IP Offices from developing countries and LDCs in the Pacific Island region, designed to enhance understanding of the WIPO tools and services available to IP Offices. The FIT program has also supported the Regional Meeting on Women and IP Commercialisation in Asia which was hosted in the Philippines. Participants from LDCs and developing countries benefited from the establishment of a network of women involved in the technology transfer process in the Asia Pacific region. The activity further reinforced and augmented existing knowledge of the role of women in IP commercialisation. From September 2019, Australia will fund a third iteration of the FIT program to further advance the outcomes and impacts achieved under this initiative.
  6. Enterprises and institutions eligible for funding to deliver projects and activities to facilitate technology transfer include government agencies and public institutions, non-government organisations, independent consultants and experts, and universities and research organisations.
  7. Australian aid has been untied since 2006, allowing non-Australian organisations to bid for contracts to supply goods and services under bilateral and multilateral development assistance programmes. Untied aid is the best way to ensure activities represent value for money, are cost-effective and attract the best-available global expertise, thereby achieving the best development results. Consistent with this, Australia's aid-funded incentives for technology transfer are not restricted to Australian institutions and enterprises.
  8. Australia provides a range of support aimed at boosting governance standards and macroeconomic stability in the Indo-Pacific region, including LDCs, which in turn helps to create conditions conducive to foreign investment and technology transfer. This includes the tariff- and quota-free access Australia has granted to imports from all LDCs since 2003, which may help to attract foreign investment in these countries' export sectors. It also includes: our support for economic management initiatives in a number of LDCs, such as the 'Growth and Economic Management Initiative' in Kiribati, which aims to enhance public financial management and create an environment conducive to inclusive and private sector led growth; our Governance for Growth Program in Vanuatu, which is focused on removing constraints and bottlenecks to economic growth, improving service delivery through policy, regulatory and management reforms and enhancing public financial management; and the 'Strongim Bisnis' program in Solomon Islands, which works with the Solomon Islands private sector on business practice, market development, risks and resilience, and women's participation in the economy.
  9. Australia's export credit agency, Export Finance Australia, provides support to Australian exporters aiming to expand their businesses overseas. Export Finance Australia also supports overseas infrastructure development in the Indo-Pacific under its new infrastructure mandate. While the transfer of technology to LDCs is not an explicit objective of Export Finance Australia's work, it nonetheless supported projects in LDCs during the period covered by the report that resulted in technology transfer. This support included providing bonds valued at around AUD 1 million to a Melbourne-based specialist building contractor for the completion of a seawall project in Kiribati, and establishing an export line of credit for an advanced technology company, also located in Melbourne, part of which supported the construction of a high-resolution numerical weather prediction system in Nepal.
  10. On 1 July 2019, the Australian Government launched the Australian Infrastructure Financing Facility for the Pacific (AIFFP),which will offer loans and grants to support vital infrastructure projects in Timor-Leste and the Pacific Island Countries, four of which are LDCs i.e. Kiribati, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. Loans will be made available to both private sector and government entities. An important element of the AIFFP's design is a commitment to use local workers and companies in the delivery of projects, and to boost local skills. Obligations for contractors to transfer skills to local staff will be included in loan conditions and grant agreements. Projects funded under the AIFFP will only use technologies that are appropriate to the local conditions in each recipient country, and that are within each country's capacity to maintain. By investing in high-priority infrastructure projects across the Pacific, including in high-tech sectors such as telecommunications, the AIFFP will help support the transfer of technology to LDCs in our region.
  11. Australia recognises that LDC Members are interested in the outcomes of technology transfer activities. This report's annex includes specific examples of relevant programs and projects in the format suggested by LDCs (IP/C/W/561). Australia lists all LDC recipients.

Liste des programmes/projets

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# Nom du programme ou du projet Membre(s) bénéficiaire(s) Catégorie technologique  
1 Australia Awards
Other
2 Cambodia Agricultural Value Chain Program (CAVAC)
Cambodge
Other
3 Improved and sustained productivity of Afghan farming systems in water scarce environments through adaptive research
Afghanistan
Other
4 Research on Climate Change Using Nuclear and Isotopic Techniques, under the auspices of the Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA)
Bangladesh
Other
5 The Pacific Horticultural and Agricultural Market Access Program (PHAMA) Plus (new phase 2018-2022)
Îles Salomon; Vanuatu
Other
6 Scaling Frontier Innovation Program (SFI)
Bangladesh; Cambodge; Myanmar; Népal
Other
7 ASEAN Regional Diagnostic Network Project
Cambodge; Myanmar; République démocratique populaire lao
Other
8 Asia-Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP) and Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum (APLMF)
Bangladesh; Cambodge; Myanmar; Népal; République démocratique populaire lao
Other
9 Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI)
Angola; Burkina Faso; Cambodge; Madagascar; Mozambique; Myanmar; Népal; Ouganda; République démocratique populaire lao; Rwanda; Sénégal; Togo; Vanuatu; Zambie
Other
10 Green Climate Fund (GCF)
Afghanistan; Angola; Bangladesh; Bénin; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cabo Verde; Cambodge; Djibouti; Gambie; Guinée; Guinée-Bissau; Haïti; Îles Salomon; Lesotho; Libéria; Madagascar; Malawi; Maldives; Mali; Mauritanie; Mozambique; Myanmar; Népal; Niger; Ouganda; République centrafricaine; République démocratique du Congo; République démocratique populaire lao; Rwanda; Samoa; Sénégal; Sierra Leone; Tanzanie; Tchad; Togo; Vanuatu; Yémen; Zambie
Other
11 Regional Cooperative Agreement (RCA) – Enhancing Medical Physics Services in Developing Standards, Education and Training through Regional Cooperation
Bangladesh; Cambodge; Népal; République démocratique populaire lao
Other
12 Regional Cooperative Agreement (RCA) - Assessing and Improving Soil and Water Quality to Minimise Land Degradation and Enhance Crop Productivity Using Nuclear Techniques
Bangladesh; Cambodge; Népal; République démocratique populaire lao
Other
13 Regional Cooperative Agreement (RCA) - Assessing the Vulnerability of Coastal Landscapes and Ecosystems to Sea-Level Rise and Climate Change
Bangladesh; Cambodge; Myanmar; Népal
Other
14 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Accessible Book Consortium (ABC)
Bangladesh
Other
15 WIPO Funds-in-Trust Programme: Using IP to Facilitate Technology/Knowledge Transfer
Cambodge; Vanuatu
Other
16 LAUNCH Food
Other
17 Australian Water Partnership
Cambodge; Myanmar; République démocratique populaire lao
Other
18 PACER PLUS TRADE TRANSPARENCY TRAINING PROJECT
Îles Salomon; Vanuatu
Other