Infringements of copyright and related rights are sanctioned under Articles 51 and 52 of Law 44 of 1993, which read as follows: "Article 51. A prison sentence of two (2) to five (5) years and a fine of five (5) to twenty (20) monthly units of the minimum statutory wage shall be incurred by: 1. Anyone who publishes an unpublished literary or artistic work, or part thereof, by any means, without the prior express authorization of the right holder. 2. Anyone who enters a literary, scientific or artistic work in the copyright register, in the name of a person other than the true author, or with altered or deleted title, or with altered, distorted, modified or mutilated text, or with falsification of the name of the publisher or the producer of phonograms, cinematographic works, videograms or software. 3. Anyone who in any manner or by any means reproduces, disposes of, abridges, mutilates or transforms a literary, scientific or artistic work, without the prior express authorization of its owner. 4. Anyone who reproduces phonograms, videograms, software and cinematographic works without the prior express authorization of the owner, or transports, stores, preserves, distributes, imports, sells, offers or purchases such reproductions for sale or distribution, or makes them available for any purpose. Paragraph. If the physical support, cover, case or presentation of the literary work, phonogram, videogram, software or cinematographic work displays the name, business name, logo or distinctive sign of the legitimate right holder, the above-mentioned penalties shall be increased by up to one half. "Article 52. A prison sentence of one (1) to four (4) years and a fine of three (3) to ten (10) monthly units of the minimum statutory wage shall be incurred by: 1. Anyone who publicly performs or exhibits theatrical or musical works, phonograms, videograms, cinematographic works or any other literary or artistic work, without the prior express authorization of the owner of the corresponding rights. 2. Anyone who rents out or in any other way markets phonograms, videograms, software or cinematographic works without the prior express authorization of the owner of the corresponding rights. 3. Anyone who fixes, reproduces or markets public performances of theatrical or musical works, without the prior express authorization of the owner of the corresponding rights. 4. Anyone who arranges or effects the communication, fixation, performance, display, marketing, dissemination or distribution or representation of a work, or in any manner or by any means, known or knowable, uses a work without the prior express authorization of its owner. 5. Anyone who makes false statements intended directly or indirectly for the payment or distribution of the author's economic rights, altering the data relating to public attendance, class, price and number of tickets sold for a show or meeting, or the number of tickets distributed free of charge, in such a way as might be prejudicial to the author. 6. Anyone who makes false statements intended directly or indirectly for the payment or distribution of the author's economic rights, altering the number of copies produced, sold or distributed free of charge, in such a way as might be prejudicial to the author. 7. Anyone who makes false statements intended for the distribution of the author's economic rights, omitting, substituting or wrongfully inserting data relating to the respective works. 8. Anyone who performs acts aimed at misstating the actual revenue from a show or meeting. 9. Anyone who retransmits, fixes, reproduces or publicizes, by any sound or audiovisual means, the broadcasts of broadcasting organizations, without the express prior authorization of the owner. 10. Anyone who receives, disseminates or distributes subscription television broadcasts by any means, without the prior express authorization of the owner. Paragraph. In cases concerned with the offences covered by this Article, the criminal action shall be withdrawn by the aggrieved party when the defendant pays compensation for the injury caused before judgement is pronounced at first instance." The new Criminal Code (Law 599 of 2000), which will enter into force on 25 July 2001, provides as follows in this connection: "Article 270. Violation of an author's non-pecuniary rights. Liability to a prison sentence of two (2) to five (5) years and to a fine of twenty (20) to two hundred (200) monthly units of the statutory minimum wage in force shall be incurred by anyone who: 1. Publishes, fully or in part, without the prior express authorization of the right holder, an unpublished literary, artistic, scientific, cinematographic or audiovisual work, phonogram, computer program or software. 2. Makes an entry in the copyright register in the name of a person other than the true author, or with altered or deleted title, or with altered, distorted, modified or mutilated text, or with falsification of the name of the publisher or producer of a literary, artistic, scientific or audiovisual work, phonogram, computer program or software. 3. Summarizes, mutilates or transforms, by any means or procedure, without the prior express authorization of the owner, a literary, artistic, scientific or audiovisual work, phonogram, computer program or computer software. Paragraph. If the physical support, cover, case or presentation of a literary, artistic or scientific work, phonogram, videogram, computer program, software or cinematographic work displays the name, business name, logo or distinctive sign of the legitimate right holder, in cases where the title or text of the work is changed, deleted, altered, modified or mutilated, the above-mentioned penalties shall be increased by up to one half." Similarly, the new Criminal Code (Law 599 of 2000), which will enter into force on 25 July 2001, provides as follows: "Article 271. Fraudulent exercise of an author's pecuniary rights. Liability to a prison sentence of two (2) to five (5) years and a fine of between twenty (20) and one thousand (1,000) monthly units of the statutory minimum wage in force, shall be incurred by anyone who, subject to the exceptions provided for by law: 1. By any means or procedure, without the prior express authorization of the owner, reproduces a literary, scientific, artistic or cinematographic work, phonogram, videogram, software or computer program, or transports, stores, preserves, distributes, imports, sells, offers or purchases such reproductions for sale or distribution, or makes them available for any other purpose. 2. Publicly performs or exhibits theatrical or musical works, phonograms, videograms, cinematographic works or any other literary or artistic work, without the prior express authorization of the owner of the corresponding rights. 3. Rents out or in any other way markets phonograms, videograms, computer programs, software or cinematographic works without the prior express authorization of the holder of the corresponding rights. 4. Fixes, reproduces or markets public performances of theatrical or musical works, without the prior express authorization of the owner of the corresponding rights. 5. Arranges, effects or utilizes, by any means or procedure, the communication, fixation, performance, display, marketing, dissemination or distribution and representation of any of the works protected under this title, without the prior express authorization of the owner. 6. Retransmits, fixes, reproduces or publicizes, by any sound or audiovisual means, without the prior express authorization of the owner, the broadcasts of broadcasting organizations. 7. Receives, disseminates or distributes subscription television broadcasts, by any means, without the prior express authorization of the owner. Paragraph. If the conduct referred to in paragraphs 1, 3 and 4 of this Article involves no more than (100) units of the work, the penalty shall be reduced by up to one half." The new Criminal Code (Law 599 of 2000), which will enter into force on 25 July 2001, also provides as follows: "Article 272. Violation of the mechanisms for the protection of an author's pecuniary rights and other types of fraud. A fine shall be incurred by anyone who: 1. Defeats or evades the technological measures adopted to restrict unauthorized use. 2. Expunges or alters information essential to the electronic management of rights, or imports, distributes or communicates copies with the expunged or altered information. 3. Manufactures, imports, sells, rents out or in any way distributes to the public a device or system that can be used to decode an encoded programme-carrying satellite signal without authorization from the legitimate distributor of that signal, or in any way to elude, avoid, deactivate or put out of commission a device or system enabling the right holders to monitor the use of their works or productions, or to impede or restrict any unauthorized use thereof. 4. Submits declarations or information intended directly or indirectly for the payment, collection, assessment or distribution of an author's economic rights or related rights, and alters or falsifies, by any means or procedure, the data required for that purpose." The Criminal Code contains the following provisions: Article 217 provides for one to five year prison sentences and fines to sanction the violation of industrial property rights in an officially used mark, where such mark is falsified or applied to a product other than the one for which it was intended. Article 238 establishes prison sentences and fines for anyone who uses, publishes or discloses a scientific invention, process or industrial application which have come to their knowledge by reason of their responsibilities, trade or profession and which are meant to remain confidential, for which reason any revelation of such information by the authorities could also render them liable to criminal proceedings if the said conduct is classified as an offence. Article 236 states that anyone who fraudulently uses a legally protected industrial, commercial or agricultural name, sign, mark, emblem, design, label, patent or model shall be liable to imprisonment for six (6) months to three (3) years and a fine of between 2,000 and 100,000 pesos. Finally, Article 237 penalizes the wrongful use of patents, stipulating that anyone who manufacturers a product without authorization from the owner of the legally protected right, or uses a patented medium or process without proper authorization, shall be liable to imprisonment for six (6) months to four (4) years and a fine of between 20,000 and 500,000 pesos. The same penalties are applicable to anyone who brings into or takes out of the country, exhibits, offers for sale or disposes of a product manufactured in breach of a patent.