(a)Article 16 of the Copyright Act provides for the use of works for teaching purposes. It is based on Article 10(2) of the (Paris Act of the) Berne Convention. Article 10(2) of the Berne Convention provides that the use of works for teaching purposes is a matter for national legislation provided the use is compatible with fair practice. Article 16 of the Copyright Act is within the limits set by Article 10(2) of the Berne Convention and within those set by Article 13 TRIPS. Also it does not differ widely from provisions in other national laws on this subject.
(b)Articles 16b and following, and 17 of the Copyright Act provide for the right of reproduction of written works and for the exception for private use. The exception for private use falls within the scope of Article 9(2) of the Berne Convention, which provides that exceptions to the right of reproduction are, again, a matter for national legislation, provided the reproduction does not conflict with the normal exploitation of the work and does not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the rightholder. The exceptions for private use which are granted in Articles 16b and 17 of the Copyright Act are not broader than those granted in other legislations. They are within the limits which are set by Article 9(2) of the Berne Convention and Article 13 TRIPS.
(c)Article 17a of the Copyright Act provides that, in the general interest, a legal licence may be granted with respect to the publication of a work by means of radio or television broadcasting or the distribution by wire or otherwise and with respect to the production of phonograms. Article 17a is based on Articles 11bis(2) and 13 of the Berne Convention, which leave this matter to national legislation. Article 17a does not differ from similar provisions in other laws. Article 17a dates back till 1931, when it was included on behalf of radio broadcasting and the distribution by wire. The provision has never been applied.
